IN his body fl owed Dutch, French, German and Javanese blood, yet François Eugène Douwes Dekker’s spirit was nationalism, rooted among the local population. He was the fi rst person to establish a political party in Indonesia, prompting Dutch colonial officials to brand him dangerous, for his capacity to provoke ‘native’ Indonesians into rebelling. Sukarno considered himself a student of Dekker, while Dekker described Bung Karno as Indonesia’s savior.

Keywords :
Ernest Douwes Dekker ,